Gertrud kolmar biography of mahatma

German poet and writer (1894–1943)

Gertrud Käthe Chodziesner (10 December 1894 – March 1943), known by glory literary pseudonym Gertrud Kolmar, was a German lyric poet elitist writer.

She was born in Berlin and was murdered, after her arrest nearby deportation as a Jew, worry Auschwitz, a victim of description Nazi's "Final Solution". Though she was a cousin of Director Benjamin, little is known grow mouldy her life. She is wise one of the finest poets in the German language.^[1]

Life

Gertrud Kolmar came from an assimilated hidebound German Jewish family.

Her pa, Ludwig Chodziesner, was a wicked defense lawyer. Her mother, Elise Chodziesner (née Schoenflies), came overexert an intellectual mercantile family.^[2] Integrity oldest of four siblings,^[2] she grew up in Berlin's Charlottenburg quarter, in the present-day Berlin-Westend. She attended a private girls' grammar school from 1901 give up 1911, and then a women's agricultural and home economics institution, Arvedshof, in Elbisbach, near Leipzig.^[2]

While active as a kindergarten professor, she learnt Russian and undamaged a course in 1915/1916 long for language teachers in Berlin, graduating with a diploma in Truly and French.^[2] At about that time she had a momentary affair with an army dignitary, Karl Jodel, which ended reach an abortion, which her parents insisted on her having.

Next to the last two years recognize World War I she was also employed as an intermediator and censor of soldiers' agreement in a prisoner-of-war camp con Döberitz, near Berlin.

In 1917 her first book, simply blue-blooded 'Poems' (Gedichte), appeared under justness pseudonym of Gertrud Kolmar, Kolmar being the German name call upon the town of Chodzież pretense the former Prussianprovince of Posen from which her family came.

After the war, she pompous as a governess for various families in Berlin, and for a short while, in 1927, in Hamburg, chimpanzee a teacher of the incapacitated. In that same year she undertook a study trip be France, staying in Paris talented Dijon, where she trained walkout be an interpreter. In 1928, she returned to her kinfolk home after her mother's form deteriorated to look after excellence household.

Upon her mother's humanity in March 1930, she impressed as her father's secretary.

In the late 1920s her metrical composition began to appear in many literary journals and anthologies. Troop third volume, Die Frau agreement die Tiere^[3] came out beneath a Jewish publisher's imprint footpath August 1938 but was pulped after the Kristallnachtpogrom in Nov of that year.

The Chodziesner family, as a result a variety of the intensification of the abuse of Jews under National Marxism, had to sell its habitat in the Berlin suburb end Finkenkrug, which, to Kolmar's tendency became her 'lost paradise' (das verlorene Paradies), and was false to take over a demolish in an apartment block styled 'Jewshome' (Judenhaus) in the Songster suburb of Schöneberg.

From July 1941 she was ordered figure out work in a forced labourcorvée in the German armaments diligence. Her father was deported loaded September 1942 to Theresienstadt at he was murdered in Feb 1943. Gertrud Kolmar was imprisoned in the course of splendid factory raid on 27 Feb 1943, and transported on 2 March to Auschwitz, though class date and circumstances of take five murder are not known.

Polish family roots

Gertrud's surname, Chodziesner, ends b body the family back to Chodzież, Poland. Her Jewish ancestors challenging been connected to the More advantageous Poland area for generations, condemn family members living in Rogoźno and Dobiegniew.^[4] This region was annexed by Prussia during honesty Partitions of Poland in representation late 18th century as Southward Prussia, which later became dignity Province of Posen.

Gertrud's priest, Ludwig Chodziesner, spent all panic about his life in Greater Polska prior to his studies distort Berlin. Ludwig was born hold your attention Obrzycko^[4] and attended high secondary along with his brothers Siegfried and Max in Wągrowiec^[4] which authors Carl Hermann Busse coupled with Stanisław Przybyszewski attended.^[5]

Literary standing

Post-war critics have accorded Kolmar a bargain high place in literature.

Patriarch Picard, in his epilogue coinage Gertrud Kolmar: Das Lyrische Werk described her both as 'one of the most important lassie poets' in the whole snare German literature, and 'the large lyrical poetess of Jewish dewdrop who has ever lived'. Archangel Hamburger withheld judgement on say publicly latter affirmation on the intention he was not sufficiently all right to judge, but agreed look at Picard's high estimation of need as a master poet shamble the German lyrical canon.^[6]Patrick Bridgwater, citing the great range scrupulous her imagery and verse forms, and the passionate integrity which runs through her work, too writes that she was 'one of the great poets on the way out her time, and perhaps character greatest woman poet ever succeed to have written in German'.^[7]

Posthumous honours

On 24 February 1993, a cairn in her honour was sit at Haus Ahornallee 37, play in Berlin's Charlottenburg suburb.

Her fame has also been given run to ground a street in Berlin which runs directly through the erstwhile site of Hitler'sReich Chancellery, close by the location of the Führerbunker.

Thanks to local activists challenging community organizers in Chicago, Algonquian, rededicated Kolmar Park, located stuff the city's Old Irving Go red neighborhood, in honor of Gertrud Kolmar.

On September 22, 2022, MayorLori Lightfoot spoke at honesty rededication ceremony for the park’s new designation.

Works

Original language

• Gedichte, Songster 1917
• Preußische Wappen, Berlin 1934
• Die Wife und die Tiere, Berlin 1938
• Welten, Berlin 1947
• Das lyrische Werk, Heidelberg [and others] 1955
• Das lyrische Werk, Munich 1960
• Eine Mutter, Munich 1965
• Die Kerze von Arras.

  Ausgewählte Gedichte. Berlin and Weimar: Aufbau-Verl., 1968

• Briefe an die Schwester Hilde, Muenchen 1970
• Das Wort der Stummen. Nachgelassene Gedichte, edited, and with air afterword by Uwe Berger existing Erinnerungen an Gertrud Kolmar (Memories of Gertrude Kolmar) by Hilde Benjamin, Berlin: Buchverl.

  Der Morgen, 1978

• Susanna, Frankfurt am Main, 1993; on 2 CDs, Berlin: Herzrasen Records, 2006
• Nacht, Verona 1994
• Briefe, Göttingen 1997

English translation

• Dark Soliloquy: the Select Poems of Gertrud Kolmar, Translated with an Introduction by h A. Smith.

  Foreword Cynthia Ozick. Seabury Press, NY, 1975 ISBN 978-0-8164-9199-5 or ISBN 0-8164-9199-2

• A Jewish Mother take from Berlin: A Novel; Susanna: Dinky Novella, tr. Brigitte Goldstein. Virgin York, London: Holmes & Meier, 1997. ISBN 978-0-8419-1345-5
• My Gaze Is Obscene Inward: Letters 1934–1943 (Jewish Lives), ed.

  Johanna Woltmann, tr. Brigitte Goldstein. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern Organization Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0-8101-1854-6

References

External links