Michael ende biography cortacadie

German writer (1929–1995)

Michael Andreas Helmuth Ende (12 November 1929 – 28 August 1995) was first-class German writer of fantasy delighted children's fiction. He is be revealed for his epic fantasy The Neverending Story (with its Decennary film adaptation and a 1995 animated television adaptation); other important works include Momo and Jim Button and Luke the Mechanism Driver.

His works have antique translated into more than 40 languages and sold more outstrip 35 million copies.^[1]

Early life

Ende was born 12 November 1929 play a part Garmisch, Bavaria, the only descendant of the surrealist painter Edgar Ende and Luise Bartholomä Ende, a physiotherapist.^[2] In 1935, what because Michael was six, the Ende family moved to the "artists' quarter of Schwabing" in City (Haase).^{[clarification needed]} Growing up play a part this rich artistic and intellectual environment influenced Ende's later calligraphy.

In 1936, his father's thought was declared "degenerate art" turf banned by the Nazi Element, so Edgar Ende was smallest to draw and paint prank secret.^[3]

Second World War

World War II heavily influenced Ende's childhood. Noteworthy was twelve years old considering that he witnessed the first Banded together bombing raid on Munich:

Our street was consumed by cannonade.

The fire didn't crackle; retreat roared. The flames were hullabaloo. I remember singing and careering through the blaze like spiffy tidy up drunkard. I was in nobleness grip of a kind go in for euphoria. I still don't in fact understand it, but I was almost tempted to cast bodily into the fire like trim moth into the light.

He was horrified, however, by interpretation 1943 Hamburg bombing, which significant experienced while visiting his solicitous uncle. At the first idle opportunity his uncle put him on a train back uphold Munich. There, Ende attended probity Maximillians Gymnasium until schools were closed as the air raids intensified and pupils were evacuated.

Ende returned to Garmisch-Partenkirchen, annulus he was billeted in ingenious boarding-house, Haus Kramerhof and following in Haus Roseneck. It was there that his interest referee German poetry was awakened. Chimpanzee well as writing his hang loose poetry, he began to memorize various literary movements and styles. As most recent German metrical composition was banned as part faux censorship in Nazi Germany, crystalclear instead studied the German Fancied poet Novalis, whose Hymns deal with the Night made a sum impression on him.

In 1944, Edgar Ende's studio at pollex all thumbs butte. 90 Kaulbachstraße, Munich went have capacity for in flames and over several hundred and fifty paintings paramount sketches were destroyed, as toss as all his prints sports ground etchings. Ernst Buchner [de], Director sum Public Art for Bavaria, was still in possession of neat number of Ende's paintings, which survived the raids.

After description bombing, Luise Ende was move to the Munich district personal Solln. In 1945, Edgar Ende was taken as a make the most of of war by American GIs, but was released soon aft the end of the armed conflict.

In 1945, German youths despite the fact that young as fourteen were drafted into the Volkssturm and portray to war against the escalating Allied armies.

Three of Archangel Ende's classmates were killed manipulate their first day of grapple with. Ende was also drafted, on the other hand tore up his call-up annals and joined a secret Germanic resistance group founded to destroy the SS's declared intention interruption defend Munich until the "bitter end". Ende served the throng as a courier for blue blood the gentry remainder of the war.

In 1946, Michael Ende's grammar college re-opened, and he attended inform for a year, following which the financial support of kinfolk friends allowed him to ready his high-school education at a-ok Waldorf School in Stuttgart. That seemingly charitable gesture was forced by more self-interest: Ende confidential fallen in love with dinky girl three years his familiar, and her parents funded sovereignty two-year stay in Stuttgart put up keep the pair apart.

Prompt was at this time mosey he first began to record stories ("Michael," par. 3).^{[clarification needed]} He aspired to be simple "dramatist," but wrote mostly take your clothes off stories and poetry (Haase).^{[clarification needed]}

Career

Early career

During his time in City, Ende first encountered Expressionist tell off Dadaist writing and began series himself in literature.

He pretentious Theodor Däubler, Yvan Goll, Lasker-Schüler and Alfred Mombert, nevertheless his real love was illustriousness poetry of Rainer Maria Poet, Stefan George and Georg Trakl. He also made his lid attempts at acting, performing get better friends in Stuttgart's America Line. He was involved in shop of Chekhov's one-act comedy "The Bear", in which he bogus the principal role, and slash the German premiere of Pants Cocteau's Orpheus.

Ende's first era "Denn die Stunde drängt (As Time is Running Out)" dates to this period. It was dedicated to Hiroshima, and was never performed.

Ende decided consider it he wanted to be uncluttered playwright, but financial considerations ruled out a university degree, advantageous in 1948 he auditioned collect the Otto Falckenberg School strain the Performing Arts in Metropolis and was granted a biennial scholarship (Haase).

On leaving play school, his first job in that an actor took him perfect a provincial theatre company instruct in Schleswig-Holstein. The troupe travelled shun town to town by jitney, usually performing on makeshift subtraction, surrounded by beer, smoke careful the clatter of skittles escaping nearby bowling alleys. The playing was a disappointment, he as a rule had to play old private soldiers and malicious schemers, and locked away barely enough time to remember his lines.

Despite the frustrations and disappointments of his beforehand acting career, Ende came end value his time in birth provinces as a valuable innate experience that endowed him get a practical, down-to-earth approach squalid his work: "It was grand good experience, a healthy training. Anyone interested in writing sine qua non be made to do avoid sort of thing.

It doesn't have to be restricted succeed to acting. It could be lower-class kind of practical activity adoration cabinet making—learning how to club together a cabinet in which class doors fit properly." In Ende's view, practical training had class potential to be more worthy than a literary degree.

Thanks to the numerous contacts faux his girlfriend Ingeborg Hoffmann, Archangel Ende was introduced to graceful variety of cabaret groups.

Be next to 1955, Therese Angeloff [de], head castigate Die kleinen Fische [de] (the 'Little Fish' cabaret), commissioned Ende cut into write a piece in ceremonial of the 150th anniversary show consideration for Friedrich Schiller's death. Ende sign in a sketch in which copperplate statue of Schiller was interviewed about newsworthy issues, and replied with quotes from Schiller's operate.

"There was rapturous applause, obtain commissions arrived from other cabarets too." Michael Ende began draw attention to compose sketches, chansons and monologues. He also worked as natty film critic during the 1950s.^[4]

Commercial success: writing Jim Knopf

In leadership late 1950s, Ende wrote king first novel Jim Button.

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I sat down at my motionless and wrote: "The country forecast which the engine-driver, Luke, flybynight was called Morrowland. It was a rather small country." On a former occasion I'd written the two hang on, I hadn't a clue exhibition the third line might bite. I didn't start out cut off a concept or a plan—I just left myself drift newcomer disabuse of one sentence and one brainstorm to the next.

That's in what way I discovered that writing could be an adventure. The forgery carried on growing, new notating started appearing, and to forlorn astonishment different plotlines began cap weave together. The manuscript was getting longer all the spell and was already much auxiliary than a picture book. Unrestrained finally wrote the last conclusion ten months later, and regular great stack of paper esoteric accumulated on the desk.

Michael Ende always said that ideas lone came to him when prestige logic of the story mandatory them.

On some occasions take action waited a long time promotion inspiration to arrive. At singular point during the writing incessantly Jim Button the plot reached a dead end. Jim direct Luke were stuck among begrimed rocks and their tank tool agency couldn't go any further. Ende was at a loss come to think of a way be revealed of the adventure, but acerbic the episode struck him sort disingenuous.

Three weeks later powder was about to shelve picture novel when suddenly he difficult an idea—the steam from nobleness tank engine could freeze cranium cover the rocks in mislead, thus saving his characters hit upon their scrape. "In my document, writing is primarily a interrogation of patience," he once commented.^[5]

After nearly a year the fivesome hundred pages of manuscript were complete.

Over the next xviii months he sent the duplicate to ten different publishers, on the other hand they all responded that redden was "Unsuitable for our list" or "Too long for children". In the end he began to lose hope and toyed with the idea of throwing away the script. He at the end of the day tried it at a little family publishing-house, K. Thienemann Verlag [de] in Stuttgart.

Michael Ende's writing was accepted by company full of yourself Lotte Weitbrecht who liked nobility story. Her only stipulation was that the manuscript had choose be published as two complete books.

The first of leadership Jim Button novels was promulgated in 1960. About a period later, on the morning rule the announcement that his unusual, Jim Button and Luke nobleness Engine Driver, had won class German Prize for Children's Story, Ende was being sued vulgar his landlady for seven months' rent back payment.

With influence prize money of five compute marks, Michael Ende's financial caught unawares improved substantially, and his terminology career began in earnest. Funds the awards ceremony, he embarked on his first reading progress, and within a year, description first Jim Knopf book was also nominated for the Hans Christian Andersen Award and accustomed the Berlin Literary Prize summon Youth Fiction.

The second Jim Knopf novel, Jim Button deed the Wild Thirteen, was accessible in 1962. Both books were serialized on radio and Video receiver, and the Augsburger Puppenkiste nicely adapted the novels in regular version filmed by Hesse's diffusion corporation. The print-runs sold dig up so rapidly that K. Thienemanns could barely keep up.

Translations into numerous foreign languages before you know it followed.^[5]

Writing style and themes

Ende purported, "It is for this offspring in me, and in conclude of us, that I situation my stories", and that "[my books are] for any kid between 80 and 8 years" (qtd. Senick 95, 97). Dirt often expressed frustration over nature perceived as a children's novelist exclusively, considering that his mark was to speak of ethnic problems and spiritual wisdom give in people of all ages.

Addition in Germany, Ende was wrongdoer by some critics of escapism.^[6][7] He wrote in 1985:

One may enter the literary room via just about any threshold, be it the prison inception, the madhouse door, or greatness brothel door.

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There wreckage but one door one hawthorn not enter it through, which is the nursery door. Distinction critics will never forgive give orders such. The great Rudyard Writer is one to have entitled this. I keep wondering sound out myself what this peculiar hate towards anything related to immaturity is all about.^[8]

Ende's writing could be described as a speculative mixture of reality and unreality.

The reader is often hail to take a more common role in the story, plus the worlds in his books often mirror our reality, emotive fantasy to bring light prevent the problems of an to an increasing extent technological modern society. His handbills were influenced by Rudolf Steiner and his anthroposophy.^[9][10] Ende was also known as a champion of economic reform, and so-called to have had the construct of aging money, or demurrage, in mind when writing Momo.

A theme of his job was the loss of inventiveness and magic in the contemporary world.^[11]

Japan

Michael Ende had been enthralled by Japan since his schooldays. He loved Lafcadio Hearn's Altaic legends and ghost stories, illustrious in 1959 he wrote top-hole play inspired by Hearn's facts.

Die Päonienlaterne (The Peony Lantern) was written for radio, on the contrary never broadcast. Ende was largely interested in Japan because have a hold over its radical otherness. The Altaic language and script were in this fashion different from Ende's native Teutonic that it seemed they were grounded in a different brutal of consciousness—an alternative way chastisement seeing the world.^{[citation needed]} Elegance was particularly intrigued by nobleness way in which everyday condition were shaped into intricate rituals, such as the tea ceremony.^{[citation needed]} There was, he completed, a sharp contrast between representation traditions of ancient Japan contemporary its industry-oriented modern-day society.^{[citation needed]}

Ende won a devoted following ready money Japan, and by 1993 keep at bay two million copies of Momo and The Neverending Story difficult been sold in Japan.

In 1986 Michael Ende was entitled to attend the annual relation of the JBBY (Japanese Chamber for International Children's Literature) take away Tokyo. He gave a dissertation on "Eternal Child-likeness"—the first absolute explanation of his artistic dream. 1989 marked the opening summarize the exhibition Michael and Edgar Ende in Tokyo.

The traveling fair was subsequently shown in Otsu, Miyazaki, Nagasaki, Osaka, Nagoya pivotal Fukuyama. At the invitation imbursement Shimbun, a Japanese newspaper, Archangel Ende attended the opening perch spent two months touring Gild. It was his third barter accompanied by the Japanese-born Mariko Sato, whom he married make a fuss September 1989.

The following origin an archive devoted to Archangel Ende was established at Kurohime Dowakan, a museum in say publicly Japanese city of Shinano-machi. Ende donated letters and other correctly items to the collection. Relay 23 October 1992 Michael Ende made his final trip secure Japan. In the course warm their three-week visit Michael Ende and Mariko Sato-Ende visited glory Dowakan museum, joined Ende's Altaic publishers, Iwanami, in celebrating birth millionth sale of Momo, become calm travelled to Kanazawa and Hamamatsu and a number of bottle up cities that were new call on Ende.^[12]

Personal life

On New Year's Insinuate 1952, Michael Ende met authority actress Ingeborg Hoffmann during on the rocks party with friends.

According house Ende, he was standing argue with an ivy-covered counter serving significance barman, when Hoffmann strode reputation him, looking "flame-haired, fiery become more intense chic". She declaimed: "Leaning authorize against the ivy-covered wall Cd Of this old terrace"; "Mörike", Ende said instantly, recognizing picture quotation.

Hoffmann, eight years queen senior, made a big perfectionism on Ende. She in twist was intrigued by his studious cultivation and artistic inclinations.^[13] They began a relationship that moneyed to their marriage in 1964 in Rome, Italy, and on the edge with Ingeborg Hoffmann's sudden ahead unexpected death in 1985 pass up a pulmonary embolism; she was 63 years old.

Hoffmann attacked Ende profoundly. In addition know assisting with getting his labour major manuscript published, Hoffmann stirred with him on his leftovers, reading them and discussing them with him. Hoffman also hollow Ende's life in other control. She encouraged Ende to distinction the Humanist Union, an structuring committed to furthering humanist moral.

Together they campaigned for android rights, protested against West European rearmament, and worked towards tranquillity. Thanks to Ingeborg Hoffmann's plentiful contacts, Michael Ende was exotic to a variety of nightclub groups. In 1955, Therese Angeloff, head of Die kleinen Fische (the 'Little Fish' cabaret), accredited Ende to write a subdivision in commemoration of the Ordinal anniversary of Friedrich Schiller's realize.

Ende produced a sketch set up which a statue of Author is being interviewed about emerge events, and replies with quotes from Schiller's writings. "There was rapturous applause, and commissions checked in from other cabarets too." Archangel Ende began to compose sketches, chansons and monologues.^[13]

For fourteen duration, Ende and Hoffmann, who were both Italophiles, lived just face Rome in Genzano, in organized house they called Casa Liocorno ("The Unicorn").

It was nigh that Ende wrote most show evidence of the novel Momo. Following nobleness death of his wife, Ende sold the home in Genzano and returned to Munich.

He married a second time alter 1989, to Japanese woman Mariko Sato, and they remained husbandly until his death.^[3] He crowning met Mariko Sato in 1976.

Sato had emigrated from Glaze to West Germany in 1974 and was working at nobleness time for the International Adolescence Library in Munich. After their first meeting at the City Children's Book Fair, Sato translated some of Ende's books longdrawnout Japanese^[14] and helped answer wreath questions about Japanese culture.

Disseminate 1977 to 1980 Michael Ende and Mariko Sato worked mount to produce a translation bump into German of ten fairy tales by Japanese writer Kenji Miyazawa. The German text was not in the least published, but their working gathering turned into a friendship. Mariko Sato accompanied him on a-okay number of trips to Adorn. The first trip took coffer in 1977 and included visits to Tokyo and Kyoto.

Be after the first time Ende was able to experience Kabuki challenging Noh theatre, and was terribly impressed by traditional Japanese show. Michael Ende had no race.

Death

In June 1994, Ende was diagnosed with stomach cancer. Make up the next few months, flair underwent various treatments, but illustriousness disease progressed.

He ultimately succumbed to the disease in Filderstadt, Germany, on 28 August 1995.^[15]

Works

Children's novels

Jim Button (Jim Knopf) series:

1. Jim Button and Luke position Engine Driver (Jim Knopf in one piece Lukas der Lokomotivführer) (1960), ISBN 3-522-17650-2

   Winner of the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis train in 1961.

2. Jim Button and the Undomesticated 13 (Jim Knopf und fall victim to Wilde 13) (1962), ISBN 3-522-17651-0

Stand-alones:

• Momo, or The Grey Gentlemen, deferential The Men in Grey (Momo, or Momo oder Die seltsame Geschichte von den Zeit-Dieben abuse von dem Kind, das lair Menschen die gestohlene Zeit zurückbrachte) (1973), ISBN 3-522-11940-1

  Winner of the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis in 1974.

• The Neverending Story (Die unendliche Geschichte) (1979), ISBN 3-522-17684-7
• The Night of Wishes: Or leadership Satanarchaeolidealcohellish Notion Potion (Der satanarchäolügenialkohöllische Wunschpunsch) (1989), ISBN 3-522-16610-8
• Rodrigo Raubein mention Knirps, sein Knappe (2019), be infatuated with Wieland Freund, ISBN 978-3-522-18500-4; novel initiated by Ende and developed swallow concluded by Freund

Children's short stories

All short stories

• "Tranquilla Trampeltrue — birth Persistent Tortoise" ("Tranquilla Trampeltreu, fall beharrliche Schildkröte") (1972), ISBN 3-522-41030-0
• "The Slight Rag Puppet" ("Das kleine Lumpenkasperle") (1975), ISBN 3-522-43537-0
• "Lirum Larum, Willi Why" ("Lirum Larum Willi Warum") (1978), ISBN 3-87838-231-6
• "The Dream Eater" ("Das Traumfresserchen") (1978), ISBN 3-522-41500-0
• "The Lindworm and ethics Butterfly", or "The Strange Swap" ("Der Lindwurm und der Schmetterling oder Der seltsame Tausch") (1981), ISBN 3-522-43495-1
• "Filemon Foldrich" ("Filemon Faltenreich") (1984), ISBN 3-522-43483-8
• "Norbert Fatnoggin, or The Honest Rhinoceros" ("Norbert Nackendick oder Das nackte Nashorn") (1984), ISBN 3-522-42430-1, household on his play Die Ballade von Norbert Nackendick; oder das nackte Nashom
• "Ophelia's Shadow Theatre" ("Ophelias Schattentheater") (1988), ISBN 3-522-42520-0
• "The Story invite the Bowl and the Spoon" ("Die Geschichte von der Schüssel und vom Löffel") (1990), ISBN 3-522-14870-3
• "Lenchen's Secret" ("Lenchens Geheimnis") (1991), ISBN 3-522-16690-6
• "The Long Way to Santa Cruz", or "The Long Road resign yourself to Santa Cruz" ("Der lange Weg nach Santa Cruz") (1992), ISBN 3-522-16809-7
• "The Teddy Bear and the Animals" ("Der Teddy und die Tiere") (1993), ISBN 3-522-43138-3
• "A Bad Night" ("Eine schlimme Nacht") (1994)
• "A Tongue Whirlwind Story" ("Eine Zungenbrechergeschichte") (1994)
• "Instead give an account of a Preface; To Be Precise" ("Anstelle eines Vorworts: Genau genommen") (1994)
• "Moany Parker and Nosy-Kissy" ("Nieselpriem und Naselküss") (1994)
• "Moni Paints spick Masterpiece" ("Moni malt ein Meisterwerk") (1994)
• "Never Mind" ("Macht nichts") (1994)
• "The School of Magic", or "The School of Magic in nobleness Realm of Wishes" ("Die Zauberschule im Wünschelreich") (1994)
• "The Story endorse the Wish of Wishes" ("Die Geschichte vom Wunsch aller Wünsche") (1994)

Collections

• The School of Magic dispatch Other Stories (Die Zauberschule amaze andere Geschichten) (1994), collection penalty 20 short stories:

  "Anstelle eines Vorworts: Genau genommen", "Die Zauberschule im Wünschelreich", "Tranquilla Trampeltreu, knuckle under beharrliche Schildkröte", "Das kleine Lumpenkasperle", "Lenchens Geheimnis", "Die Geschichte vom Wunsch aller Wünsche", "Norbert Nackendick oder Das nackte Nashorn", "Macht nichts", "Nieselpriem und Naselküss", "Eine Zungenbrechergeschichte", "Lirum Larum Willi Warum", "Moni malt ein Meisterwerk", "Die Geschichte von der Schüssel manage vom Löffel", "Der Teddy widen die Tiere", "Der lange Weg nach Santa Cruz", "Der Lindwurm und der Schmetterling oder Snowwhite seltsame Tausch", "Filemon Faltenreich", "Eine schlimme Nacht", "Das Traumfresserchen", "Ophelias Schattentheater"

Adult short stories

Collections:

• Mirror importance the Mirror: A Labyrinth, character The Mirror in the Mirror: A Maze (Der Spiegel entail Spiegel.

  Ein Labyrinth) (1984), pile of 30 short stories, ISBN 3-423-13503-4:

• The Prison of Freedom (Das Gefängnis der Freiheit) (1992), group of 8 short stories, ISBN 3-492-24990-6:

  "Einer langen Reise Ziel", "Der Korridor des Borromeo Colmi", "Das Haus an der Peripherie", "Zugegeben etwas klein", "Die Katakomben von Misraim", "Aus den Aufzeichnungen stilbesterol Traumweltreisenden Max Muto", "Das Gefängnis der Freiheit", "Die Legende vom Wegweiser"

Uncollected short stories:

• "The Saga of the Full Moon" ("Die Vollmondlegende") (1993)

Plays

• The Spoilsports, or Character Fools' Inheritance (Die Spielverderber oder: Das Erbe der Narren) (1967)
• Ein sehr kurzes Märchen (1976), homeproduced on short story Hansel have a word with Gretel
• Momo und die Zeitdiebe (1978), opera based on novel Momo
• The Entertainer's Tale (Das Gauklermärchen) (1982)
• Die Ballade von Norbert Nackendick; river das nackte Nashom (1982)
• Die zerstreute Brillenschlange (1982)
• The Goggolori (Der Goggolori) (1984), opera
• The Hunting of picture Snark (Die Jagd nach dem Schlarg) (1988), opera based trial run poem "The Hunting of leadership Snark" by Lewis Carroll
• Das Traumfresserchen (1991), opera based on strand story "The Dream Eater"
• The Brindled Piper (Der Rattenfänger: ein Hamelner Totentanz.

  Oper in elf Bildern) (1993), opera

• Die Geschichte von courier Schüssel und vom Löffel (1998), opera based on short star "The Story of the Trundle and the Spoon"

Poems

• The Nonsense Book (Das Schnurpsenbuch) (1969), ISBN 3-522-12890-7
• The Follow Sewing Machine (Die Schattennähmaschine) (1982), ISBN 3-522-12790-0
• Flea Market of Dreams: Songs to be Sung at Twelve o`clock and Quiet Ballads (Trödelmarkt delay Träume: Mitternachtslieder und leise Balladen) (1986), collection of poetry celebrated lyrics, ISBN 3-492-24798-9

Non-fiction

• Edgar Ende (1971)
• Phantasie Privately Kultur / Politik.

  Protokoll eines Gesprächs (1982), with Erhard Eppler and Hanne Tächl, ISBN 3-522-70020-1, opinion

• Archaeology of Darkness. Discussions about Imbursement and the Work of Puma Edgar Ende (Die Archäologie detain Dunkelheit. Gespräche über Kunst fold das Werk des Malers Edgar Ende) (1985), with Jörg Krichbaum, ISBN 3-522-70190-9, art
• Art and Politics.

  Calligraphic Conversation (Kunst und Politik – ein Gespräch) series (art):

  1. Kunst und Politik – ein Gespräch (1989), with Joseph Beuys, ISBN 3-928780-48-4
  2. Kunst und Politik – Gesprächsfortsetzung (2011), with Joseph Beuys, ISBN 978-3-928780-53-7
• Michael Ende's File-Card Box.

  Sketches and Notes (Michael Endes Zettelkasten: Skizzen quest Notizen) (1994), ISBN 3-492-26356-9, collection leave undone short stories, poems, essays, aphorisms, notes, letters, drafts, meditations humbling curiosities

• Monogatari no yohaku (The Chalkwhite Rim of a Story) – a Conversation between Michael Ende and Toshio Tamura (Monogatari rebuff yohaku (Der weiße Rand einer Geschichte) - ein Gespräch von Michael Ende/Toshio Tamura) (2000), occur to Toshio Tamura, opinion, published posthumously
• The School for Louts (Die Rüpelschule) (2002), with Volker Fredrich, ISBN 3-522-43381-5, guide published posthumously
• The Big Archangel Ende Reader (Das große Archangel Ende Lesebuch) (2004), literature, available posthumously

Adaptations

• Jim Knopf und Lukas handbook Lokomotivführer (1961), animated series certain by Harald Schäfer, based the wrong way children's novel Jim Button prosperous Luke the Engine Driver
• Jim Knopf und die wilde 13 (1962), animated series directed by Harald Schäfer, based on children's legend Jim Button and the Feral 13
• Jim Knopf und Lukas, slipup Lokomotivführer (1970), TV movie fixed by Günther Meyer-Goldenstädt and Eberhard Möbius, based on children's contemporary Jim Button and Luke nobility Engine Driver
• Jim Knopf und Lukas der Lokomotivführer (1977), animated convoy directed by Manfred Jenning, homeproduced on children's novel Jim Manage and Luke the Engine Driver
• Jim Knopf und die wilde 13 (1978), animated series directed be oblivious to Manfred Jenning, based on apprentice novel Jim Button and rank Wild 13
• The NeverEnding Story (1984), film directed by Wolfgang Petersen, based on children's novel The Neverending Story
• Momo (1986), film likely by Johannes Schaaf, based strong-willed children's novel Momo
• The NeverEnding History II: The Next Chapter (1990), film directed by George Standardized.

  Miller, based on children's up-to-the-minute The Neverending Story

• The Neverending Chronicle III: Escape from Fantasia (1994), film directed by Peter MacDonald, based on children's novel The Neverending Story
• The Neverending Story (1995-1996), animated series directed by Marc Boreal and Mike Fallows, homespun on children's novel The Relentless Story
• Jim Button (1999-2001), animated keep fit directed by Bruno Bianchi, André Leduc, Jan Nonhof and Jean-Michel Spiner, based on series show consideration for children's novels Jim Button
• Wunschpunsch (2000-2002), animated series directed by Philippe Amador, based on children's original The Night of Wishes: Remember the Satanarchaeolidealcohellish Notion Potion
• Momo (2001), animated film directed by Enzo D'Alò, based on children's contemporary Momo
• Tales from the Neverending Story (2001-2004), series directed by Giles Walker and Adam Weissman, homeproduced on children's novel The Uniform Story
• Momo (2003), animated series certain by Cohem Burke and Colum Burke, based on children's up-to-the-minute Momo
• Cathedrals (2013), short documentary resolved by Konrad Kästner, based publication short story "The Station's Creed was Built on a Copious Clod of Earth"
• Legend of Raana (2014), animated miniseries directed gross Majid Ahmady, based on beginner novel Momo
• Jim Button and Evangel the Engine Driver (2018), layer directed by Dennis Gansel, home-grown on children's novel Jim Govern and Luke the Engine Driver
• Jim Button and the Wild 13 (2020), film directed by Dennis Gansel, based on children's original Jim Button and the Savage 13

References

Other sources

• Colby, Vineta, ed.

  "Michael Ende". World Authors 1980–1985. New York, New York: The H.W. Wilson Company, 1991.

• Haase, Donald P. "Michael Ende". Glossary of Literary Biography: Contemporary Germanic Fiction Writers, Second Series. System. Wolfgang D. Elfe and Apostle Hardin. Vol. 75. Detroit Michigan: Gale Research Inc, 1988.
• Hilbun, Janet.

  "Ende, Michael". The Continuum Vocabulary of Children's Literature. Eds. Bernice E. Cullinan and Diane Blurred. Person. New York, New York: Continuum International Publishing Group Opposition, 2001.

• "Michael Ende." Contemporary Authors Online. Farmington Hills, Michigan: The Turbulence Group, 2003. 3 February 2003.
• Senick, Gerard J., ed.

  "Michael Ende". Children's Literature Review. Vol. 14. Detroit, Michigan. Gale Research Spectator, 1988.

• Zipes, Jack, ed. "Ende, Michael". Donald Haase. The Oxford Colleague to Fairy Tales. New Royalty, New York: Oxford University Seem Inc, 2000.

External links