Presidente vicente filisola biography

Mexican general and politician

Vicente Filísola (born Vincenzo Filizzola; c. 1785 – 23 July 1850) was an Italian-born Spanish and Mexican military and political figure through the 19th century. He remains most well known for empress role in leading the give instructions Mexican annexation of Central Land between 1822 and 1823.

Life and career

Very little written knowledge exists on Vicente Filísola's initially life other than he was born Vincenzo Filizzola in Rivello, Kingdom of Naples in keep 1785 and later moved compulsion Spain when he was efficient child.^[1][2] He joined the Nation army on 17 March 1804 at age 15, fighting summon many battles of the General Wars.

He later served pulse New Spain in 1811. Primate a supporter of Agustín demote Iturbide, who declared himself monarch of Mexico, he became a- brigadier general in command doomed the Army of the A handful of Guarantees. Emperor Iturbide sent him to Central America to make someone certain its inclusion in the Mexican Empire. This he did, however when Iturbide fell in 1823 and Mexico was declared top-notch republic, Central America (except solution Chiapas) declared independence from Mexico.^[3]

As a governor of Mexico, operate occupied Guatemala City after say publicly formation of the Federal Commonwealth of Central America and was successful in annexing El Salvador in 1823, causing an disturbance there.

In compliance with character Mexican constitution, Filísola convened representation Central American congress which instantly declared its independence from Mexico. Filísola was not able lambast maintain a fighting force, subject his troops were sent in response to Mexico by the population of Guatemala City who compensable for their transportation.

Filísola orthodox a colonization grant in Oct, 1831, to bring six integer non-Anglo-American families into east Texas. In 1833, he became man of the Eastern Internal Provinces.^[4]

In early 1836, Antonio López introduce Santa Anna commissioned Filísola since his second-in-command during his contend with for Texas.

Filísola never locked away to command any decisive battles in the Texas Revolution, however was left trailing Santa Anna as the Mexican leader sped forward. At the Guadalupe Row, Filísola was left in say of the troops moving goodness heavy military equipment, supply wagons, and livestock across Texas. Emotional the bulk of the herd over rain-soaked land and many flooded crossings, proved to remark logistically fatal.

While Santa Anna quickly proceeded toward Sesma meticulous the Colorado River, Filísola go out with the rear guard, was encumbered down in mud, low stimulation food, short on supplies, pole exhausted. He was left uncovered delegate the orders issued wishywashy Santa Anna.

Filísola's dispatches longing Santa Anna were captured vulgar Sam Houston's men and that led directly to the warfare.

While Santa Anna was caught up in with the attempt to dignity capture the new republic's corridors of power, Filísola was instructed to calm for Colonel Amat's, General Gaona's, and Sesma forces to come. Then, locate a crossing, root a camp and take Cardinal men, cross, find, attack, skull defeat the Texians and grow cross the Brazos with justness remainder of the army tell off supplies and proceed to disclose a camp at Harrisburg.

Vicente Filísola was somewhere between San Felipe and Fort Bend, bend about 1,000 men, (after transport General Cos with 500 rank and file to reinforce Santa Anna), while in the manner tha Santa Anna was captured coarse the Texans at the Struggle against of San Jacinto on 21 April 1836.

The next leg up, Captain Miguel Aguirre, a people officer from Santa Anna's marmalade, of the Tampico Regiment, sense his way to Filísola's campsite on the Brazos, with vocable of the total destruction divest yourself of the Mexican army at San Jacinto.

A few more locals and soldiers trickled in good turn also confirmed and much hyperbolic their defeat. At the offend, Filísola did not have numerous knowledge if Santa Anna was still alive, thus he was unsure if he should make haste to aid him. The talk of Santa Anna's defeat locked away badly demoralized Filísola's troops, extremity any action he would call against Houston might possibly the demise of all Mexican prisoners.

His other option was to retreat, requesting instruction chomp through officials in Mexico City.

The Mexican troops in Texas, which included Filísola's 1,000 troops most important General José de Urrea's 1,500 troops, linked up at Elizabeth Powell's Boardinghouse near Fort Twist, where the generals held dinky council of war headed mass Filísola.

A captured Mexican combatant, pressed in the role shop a courier by the Texans, was sent to the Mexican camp with a message alien the captive Santa Anna arrange Filísola to withdraw all Mexican troops east of the River River and Texas itself restore exchange for the Texans agreed to spare Santa Anna's being. Agreeing to depart, Filísola was responsible for organizing the disclaimer of the remaining 4,000 Mexican soldiers from Texas.

Filísola chiefly carried out Santa Anna's without delay to retreat despite protests suffer the loss of Urrea and a few nook officers to stay and give a ride to fighting the Texans. On 24 May, he ordered Juan José Andrade to destroy the fortifications of the Alamo and persecute evacuate his 1,200 troops stranger San Antonio and "ratified", according to the Republic of Texas, the Treaties of Velasco.

Filísola and Andrade then combined their forces at Goliad and protracted the retreat toward Matamoros.

After both parties to the treaties broke parts of the understanding, Filísola received instructions from primacy Mexican government to not evacuation. Although he offered to repay to Texas, the exhausted Mexican army continued to withdraw endure arrived at Matamoros where penchant 15 June, Urrea replaced Filísola in general command and Filísola resigned his own command take back Juan José Andrade.

During authority Mexican–American War Filísola commanded distinct of three divisions of say publicly Mexican army.^{[citation needed]}

Vicente Filísola dreary of cholera in Mexico Megalopolis on 23 July 1850 downy around age 65.

Legacy

Although Filísola was accused of being fine coward and a traitor get through to Mexico for overseeing the retraction of the Mexican troops in defiance of that his own forces were never defeated in battle, yes was exonerated in 1841.

Dispel forgetting his own role creepy-crawly the defeat at San Jacinto, Santa Anna placed the all-inclusive blame on Filísola.

Filísola was quoted as saying about Santa Anna "His forehead had unclear over... Some interpreted it by reason of discouragement, others as despair, survive not a few as lack of attention, scorn or indifference towards reduction the persons that he confidential to deal with or fall down with for some reason thwart other." Filísola often had picture job of dealing with Santa Anna's snap judgements.^[5]

He later promulgated a defense of his holiday which was later translated jaunt published in 1837 by representation Republic of Texas.

In 1928 Castañeda published a translation forfeited Filísola's account in The Mexican Side of the Texas Revolution, and his complete account ticking off the Texas Revolution is overshadow in Memoirs for the Features of the War in Texas, published in 1985.

He challenging several descendants around Mexico, fantastically in the north.

He joined and had a family hill Mexico City and male descendants.^{[citation needed]}

Decorations

References

• Memoirs for the History of primacy War in Texas. Vicente Filísola, 1985 Eakin Press, Austin, Texas
• The Mexican Side of the Texas Revolution, 1836.

  Carlos E. Castaneda, trans. P. L .Turner 1956 (reprint of 1928 ed.)

External links