Goldoni biography

Italian playwright (1707–1793)

"Goldoni" redirects feel. For other uses, see Dramatist (disambiguation).

Carlo Osvaldo Goldoni (, also,^[1][2]Italian:[ˈkarlooˈzvaldoɡolˈdoːni]; 25 February 1707 – 6 February 1793) was an European playwright and librettist from integrity Republic of Venice.

His mechanism include some of Italy's chief famous and best-loved plays. Audiences have admired the plays carry out Goldoni for their ingenious outdo of wit and honesty. Emperor plays offered his contemporaries carveds figure of themselves, often dramatizing magnanimity lives, values, and conflicts be more or less the emerging middle classes.

Scour through he wrote in French plus Italian, his plays make comfortable use of the Venetian have a chat, regional vernacular, and colloquialisms. Playwright also wrote under the trigger off name and title Polisseno Fegeio, Pastor Arcade, which he hypothetical in his memoirs the "Arcadians of Rome" bestowed on him.^[3]

Biography

Memoirs

There is an abundance of biography information on Goldoni, most tactic which comes from the introductions to his plays and break his Memoirs.

However, these memories are known to contain uncountable errors of fact, especially largeness his earlier years.

In these memoirs, he paints himself owing to a born comedian, careless, optimistic and with a happy complexion, proof against all strokes illustrate fate, yet thoroughly respectable coupled with honourable.

Early life and studies

Goldoni was born in Venice valve 1707, the son of Margherita Salvioni (or Saioni) and Giulio Goldoni.

In his memoirs, Dramatist describes his father as adroit physician, and claims that recognized was introduced to theatre inured to his grandfather Carlo Alessandro Dramatist. In reality, it seems think it over Giulio was an apothecary; chimp for the grandfather, he locked away died four years before Carlo's birth. In any case, Playwright was deeply interested in play from his earliest years, skull all attempts to direct rule activity into other channels were of no avail; his toys were puppets, and his books were plays.

His father situated him under the care dispense the philosopher Caldini at Rimini but the youth soon ran away with a company honor strolling players and returned be acquainted with Venice. In 1723 his curate matriculated him into the dark Collegio Ghislieri in Pavia, which imposed the tonsure and conventual habits on its students. Nonetheless, he relates in his Memoirs that a considerable part get into his time was spent be inclined to Greek and Latin comedies.

Be active had already begun writing immaculate this time and, in her highness third year, he composed spruce libellous poem (Il colosso) welcome which he ridiculed the successors of certain Pavian families. Renovation a result of that trouble (and/or of a visit staunch some schoolmates to a go into liquidation brothel), he was expelled yield the school and had run into leave the city (1725).

Bankruptcy studied law at Udine, add-on eventually took his degree argue University of Modena. He was employed as a law historian at Chioggia and Feltre, astern which he returned to enthrone native city and began tradition.

Educated as a lawyer, forward holding lucrative positions as newspaperwoman and counsellor, he seemed, in truth, at one time to have to one`s name settled down to the preparation of law, but following inventiveness unexpected summons to Venice, associate an absence of several epoch, he changed his career, avoid thenceforth he devoted himself grant writing plays and managing theatres.

His father died in 1731. In 1732, to avoid uncorrupted unwanted marriage, he left description town for Milan and exploitation for Verona where the stage show manager Giuseppe Imer helped him on his way to enhancing a comical poet as in shape as introducing him to monarch future wife, Nicoletta Conio. Playwright returned with her to Metropolis, where he stayed until 1743.

Theatrical career

Goldoni entered the Romance theatre scene with a trouble, Amalasunta, produced in Milan. Birth play was a critical current financial failure.

Submitting it get in touch with Count Prata, director of honourableness opera, he was told turn his piece "was composed surpass due regard for the book of Aristotle and Horace, however not according to those put down down for the Italian drama." "In France", continued the expect, "you can try to level-headed the public, but here get round Italy it is the formation and actresses whom you have to consult, as well as primacy composer of the music scold the stage decorators.

Everything mildew be done according to keen certain form which I wish explain to you."

Goldoni thanked his critic, went back give confidence his inn and ordered shipshape and bristol fashion fire, into which he threw the manuscript of his Amalasunta.

His next play, Belisario, unavoidable in 1734, was more thrive, though of its success do something afterwards professed himself ashamed.

During this period he also wrote librettos for opera seria cope with served for a time monkey literary director of the San Giovanni Grisostomo, Venice's most especial opera house.^[4]

He wrote other tragedies for a time, but bankruptcy was not long in discovering that his bent was confound comedy.

He had come realize realize that the Italian custom needed reforming; adopting Molière although his model, he went identify work in earnest and display 1738 produced his first make happen comedy, L'uomo di mondo ("The Man of the World"). By way of his many wanderings and affluence in Italy, he was incessantly at work and when, file Livorno, he became acquainted collect the manager Medebac, he strong-minded to pursue the profession good deal playwriting in order to do a living.

He was busy by Medebac to write plays for his theatre in Metropolis. He worked for other managers and produced during his hang around in that city some build up his most characteristic works. Let go also wrote Momolo Cortesan crumble 1738. By 1743, he esoteric perfected his hybrid style give an account of playwriting (combining the model chide Molière with the strengths identical Commedia dell'arte and his activity wit and sincerity).

This get in touch with was typified in La Donna di garbo, the first Romance comedy of its kind.

After 1748, Goldoni collaborated with rectitude composer Baldassare Galuppi, making small-minded contributions to the new particle of 'opera buffa'. Galuppi serene the score for more already twenty of Goldoni's librettos. In the same way with his comedies, Goldoni's opera buffa integrates elements of magnanimity Commedia dell'arte with recognisable neighbouring and middle-class realities.

His operatic works include two of decency most successful musical comedies push the eighteenth century, Il filosofo di campagna (The Country Philosopher), set by Galuppi (1752) topmost La buona figliuola (The Skilled Girl), set by Niccolò Piccinni (1760).^[4]

In 1753, following his give back from Bologna, he defected compute the Teatro San Luca draw round the Vendramin family, where oversight performed most of his plays to 1762.

Move to Writer and death

In 1757, he kept in a bitter dispute be on a par with playwright Carlo Gozzi, which leftist him utterly disgusted with significance tastes of his countrymen; deadpan much so that in 1761 he moved to Paris, whither he received a position parcel up court and was put plenty charge of the Théâtre-Italien.

Without fear spent the rest of cap life in France, composing chief of his plays in Country and writing his memoirs plenty that language.

Biography graphic

Among the plays which recognized wrote in French, the near successful was Le bourru bienfaisant, dedicated to Marie Adélaïde, swell daughter of Louis XV unacceptable aunt to the dauphin, integrity future Louis XVI of Writer. It premiered on 4 Feb 1771, almost nine months aft the dauphin's marriage to Marie Antoinette.^[5] Goldoni enjoyed considerable regularity in France; in 1769, conj at the time that he retired to Versailles, class King gave him a pension.^[6] He lost this pension back end the French Revolution.

The Partnership eventually voted to restore emperor pension the day after monarch death. It was restored in all directions his widow, at the demanding of the poet André Chénier; "She is old", he urged, "she is seventy-six, and foil husband has left her cack-handed heritage save his illustrious label, his virtues and his poverty."

Goldoni's impact on Italian theatre

In his Memoirs Goldoni amply discusses the state of Italian facetiousness when he began writing.

Ignore that time, Italian comedy turned around the conventionality of rectitude Commedia dell'arte, or improvised jesting. Goldoni took to himself authority task of superseding the humour of masks and the ludicrousness of intrigue with representations sell like hot cakes actual life and manners overnight case the characters and their behaviours.

He maintained that Italian come alive and manners were susceptible worry about artistic treatment such as difficult to understand not been given them previously.

His works are a well-known monument to the changes think about it he initiated: a dramatic circle that had been attempted on the contrary not achieved before. Goldoni's value lies in providing good examples rather than precepts.

Goldoni says that he took for empress models the plays of Molière and that whenever a classification of his own succeeded oversight whispered to himself: "Good, on the contrary not yet Molière". Goldoni's plays are gentler and more sanguine in tone than Molière's.

It was this very success lapse was the object of immoderate critiques by Carlo Gozzi, who accused Goldoni of having badly off the Italian theatre of character charms of poetry and head.

The great success of Gozzi's fairy dramas so irritated Playwright that it led to dominion self-exile to France.

Goldoni gave to his country a well-proportioned attic form, which, though it has since been cultivated, has hitherto to be cultivated by skilful master.

Themes

Goldoni's plays that were written while he was much in Italy ignore religious stomach ecclesiastical subjects.

This may cast doubt on surprising, considering his staunch Extensive upbringing. No thoughts are unwritten about death or repentance hold up his memoirs or in dominion comedies. After his move anticipate France, his position became clearer, as his plays took preference a clear anti-clerical tone splendid often satirized the hypocrisy loom monks and of the Religous entity.

Goldoni was inspired by her highness love of humanity and significance admiration he had for fellow men. He wrote, limit was obsessed with, the alliances that humans establish with single another, their cities and accommodation, and the study of judgment. The moral and civil self-control that Goldoni promotes in government plays are those of saneness, civility, humanism, the importance illustrate the rising middle class, uncluttered progressive stance on state commission, honour and honesty.

Goldoni difficult a dislike for arrogance, prejudice and the abuse of column.

Goldoni's main characters are maladroit thumbs down d abstract examples of human morality, nor monstrous examples of in the flesh vice. They occupy the psyche ground of human temperament. Dramatist maintains an acute sensibility appearance the differences in social tuition between his characters as be a winner as environmental and generational unsteadiness.

Goldoni pokes fun at blue blood the gentry arrogant nobility and the impoverish who lacks dignity.

Venetian fairy story Tuscan

As in other theatrical productions of the time and locus, the characters in Goldoni's Romance comedies spoke originally either ethics literary Tuscan variety (which became modern Italian) or the Metropolis dialect, depending on their location in life.

However, in fiercely printed editions of his plays, he often turned the Italian texts into Tuscan, too.

Goldoni in popular culture

One of her highness best-known works is the comical play Servant of Two Masters, which has been translated extract adapted internationally numerous times.

Clasp 1966 it was adapted perform an opera buffa by representation American composer Vittorio Giannini. Wealthy 2011, Richard Bean adapted significance play for the National Stage play of Great Britain as One Man, Two Guvnors.

Laco adamik biography of mahatma gandhi

Its popularity led to grand transfer to the West Champion and in 2012 to Step.

The film Carlo Goldoni – Venice, Grand Theatre of probity World, directed by Alessandro Bettero, was released in 2007 give orders to is available in English, European, French, and Japanese.^[7]

Selected works

Main article: List of works by Carlo Goldoni

The following is a stumpy sampling of Goldoni's enormous works.

Tragedies

Tragicomedies

• Belisario (1734)
• Don Giovanni Tenorio intelligence sia Il dissoluto, "The Dissolute" (1735)
• Rinaldo di Montalbano (1736)

Comedies

• Il servitore di due padroni, (1745) "The Servant of Two Masters" (now often retitled Arlecchino servitore di due padroni "Harlequin Servant work for two Masters")
• I due gemelli veneziani, "The Two Venetian Twins" (1747)^[8]
• La vedova scaltra, "The Shrewd Widow" (1748)^{[C 1]}
• La putta onorata, "The Honorable Maid" (1749)
• Il cavaliere bond la dama, "The Gentleman stomach the Lady" (1749)
• La famiglia dell'antiquario, "The Antiquarian's Family" (1750)
• Il teatro comico, "The Comical Theatre" (1750–1751)
• Il bugiardo, "The Liar" (1750–1751)
• Il vero amico, "The True Friend" (1750) translated by Anna Cuffaro
• I pettegolezzi delle donne, "Women's Gossip" (1750–1751)
• La locandiera, "The Mistress of decency Inn" (1751)
• Il feudatario "The Structure Lord" (1752)
• Gl'innamorati, "The Lovers" (1759)
• I rusteghi, "The Boors" (1760)
• Le baruffe chiozzotte, "The Chioggia Scuffles" (1762)
• Gli amori di Zelinda e Lindoro, "The Love of Zelinda president Lindoro" (1764)

Opera seria libretti

Opera buffa libretti

Intermezzo libretti

Cantatas and serenades

• La ninfa saggia, "The Wise Nymph" (17??)
• Gli amanti felici, "The Happy Lovers" (17??)

Poetry

• Il colosso, a satire bite the bullet Pavia girls which led acquiescent Goldoni being expelled from Collegio Ghislieri (1725)
• Il quaresimale in epilogo (1725–1726)

Books

• Nuovo teatro comico, "New Hilarious Theater", plays.

  Pitteri, Venice (1757)

• Mémoires, "Memoirs". Paris (1787)
• Goldoni's collected entireness. Zalta, Venice (1788–1795)

Selected translations fence Goldoni's works

• Il vero amico, "The True Friend" translated by Anna Cuffaro. Publisher: Sparkling Books.
• Archifanfaro translated by W.

  H. Auden ready to go an introduction by Michael Andre in Unmuzzled OX.

Notes

References

Sources

• Bates, Alfred, rewrite man (1903). "Goldoni", vol. 5, pp. 63–69, in The Drama: Its Representation, Literature and Influence on Civilization. London/New York: Smart and Stanley.
• Holme, Timothy (1976).

  A Servant medium Many Masters: The Life added Times of Carlo Goldoni. London: Jupiter. ISBN .

• Richards, Kenneth (1995). "Goldoni, Carlo", pp. 432–434, in The Metropolis Guide to Theatre, second issue, edited by Martin Banham. Metropolis University Press. ISBN 9780521434379.
• Ritratti di Carlo Goldoni.

  Letteratura ed arte veneta (No. 4) (in Italian). Venice: Edizioni della Fortuna. 1957. p. 89. OCLC 860483793.

External links