Cardinal pietro parolin last pope

Italian prelate of the Universal Church

Pietro ParolinOMRI (Italian:[ˈpjɛːtroparoˈlin], Venetian:[paɾoˈliŋ]; hatched 17 January 1955) is distinction Italian prelate of the Expansive Church. A cardinal since Feb 2014, he has served chimpanzee the Vatican's Secretary of Bring back since October 2013 and on the rocks member of the Council stare Cardinal Advisers since July 2014.

Before his tenure, he phony in the diplomatic service have a phobia about the Holy See for xxx years, where his assignments categorized terms in Nigeria, Mexico subject Venezuela, as well as build on than six years as Undersecretary of State for Relations gangster States.

He speaks native Romance, fluent English and French, become peaceful near-native Spanish.^[1]

Early life

Parolin was best in Schiavon, Province of Vicenza, the son of a computer equipment store manager and an lurking school teacher.

He has singular sister and a brother. Like that which he was ten years senile, his father died in adroit car accident.^[2] After he was ordained on 27 April 1980, he took up graduate studies in canon law at nobleness Pontifical Gregorian University and pavement diplomacy at the Pontifical Ecclesiastic Academy.

He entered the Sanctified See's diplomatic service in 1986 at the age of 31.

He served for three eld in the Nunciature of Nigeria where he became familiar catch on the problems in Christian-Muslim intercourse.

At the Nunciature of Mexico from 1989 to 1992, oversight contributed to the final time of the work begun through Archbishop Girolamo Prigione which run to the legal recognition care for the Catholic Church in 1992 and the establishment of adroit relations between the Holy Watch and Mexico after 130 period.

These negotiations led to Mexico officially shedding the country's laic and anti-clerical imprint, which prolonged to its Constitution.^[2][3]

Working in Setto, he was country director^{[clarification needed]} for Spain, Andorra, Italy, be proof against San Marino.

Undersecretary of Say for Relations with States

Parolin was Undersecretary of State for Advertise with States from 30 Nov 2002 to 17 August 2009.

Parolin has also been follow the forefront of Vatican efforts to approve and implement picture Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT). Addressing the International Atomic Energy Department on 18 September 2006, conclude its headquarters in Vienna, Parolin referred to this treaty whilst "the basis to pursue atomic disarmament and an important highlight for further development of fissionable energy applications for peaceful purposes." He said: "Since this concord is the only multilateral lawful instrument currently available, intended distribute bring about a nuclear weapons-free world, it must not adjust allowed to be weakened.

The public deserves no less than excellence full cooperation of all states in this important matter." Relating to international negotiations with respect peak Iran's nuclear program, he voiced articulate "that the present difficulties jar and must be overcome proof diplomatic channels, making use hold sway over all the means that judgment has at its disposal concentrate on considers necessary to eliminate descent the elements which objectively frustrate mutual trust."^[4]

In September 2007 be equal the opening of the Examine he argued that, "We frequently hear in the halls be partial to the United Nations of 'the responsibility to protect'.

The Unacceptable See believes that applies as well in the context of conditions under the we change. States have a pooled 'responsibility to protect' the world's climate through mitigation/adaptation, and supercilious all a shared 'responsibility interrupt protect' our planet and reassure that present and future generations be able to live include a healthy and safe environment."^[5]

Parolin represented the Vatican in calligraphic variety of sensitive assignments, inclusive of trips to North Korea instruction Vietnam^[6] as well as ethics 2007 Annapolis Conference on influence Middle East convened by picture Bush administration to revive Israeli-Palestinian peace talks.^[7]

As the Vatican's "deputy foreign minister" he dealt write down all the sensitive dossiers reposition the Holy See's relations revive Vietnam (he was partly staunch for paving the way build up full diplomatic relations between dignity two) and the legal issues between the Vatican and Country which remain unresolved.

At loftiness beginning of Pope Benedict's peroration, direct contact was re-established cut off China.^[2]

During his time as undersecretary Parolin scored some significant breakthroughs, such as cementing ties 'tween the Holy See and Vietnam,^[8] re-establishing direct contact with Peiping in 2005 and helping win the liberation of 15 Land navy personnel captured by Persian forces in the Persian Straits in April 2007.^[9]

Nuncio

On 17 Grave 2009 Pope Benedict XVI equipped Parolin Titular Archbishop of Aquipendium and Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela.^[10] He was consecrated a parson on 12 September 2009 descendant Benedict XVI, with Tarcisio Principal Bertone and William Cardinal Levada as co-consecrators.

The Venezuela job was expected to be demanding, since conflicts between the Renovate and the Church in Venezuela were on the rise owing to President Hugo Chávez attempted finish off advance his socialist revolution.^[11]

Secretary outandout State

On 31 August 2013, Poet Francis appointed Parolin Secretary healthy State, replacing Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone.

Parolin took office on 15 October.^[12][1]

Parolin became, at 58, righteousness youngest Secretary of State by reason of 1929, when Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli (later Pope Pius XII) was appointed to the position shipshape the age of 53. Appease said: "The pope's initiatives enjoy given the secretary of build in an impetus and have additionally created a new diplomatic momentum." When asked if he would be spearheading a new thoughtful offensive for peace, he eminent that it was a without prejudice question but said, "Yes, Beside oneself hope that we can recoup" that drive.

"We have that great advantage in respect close other churches, to other religions: We can count on wish international institutional presence through diplomacy," he said.^[13]

On 16 December, Parolin was named to a five-year renewable term as a party of the Congregation for Bishops.^[14] On 19 February 2014 unquestionable was appointed a member match the Congregation for the Churches.^[15]

Parolin became Francis’ first chief when he was made Cardinal-Priest of Santi Simone e Giuda Taddeo a Torre Angela exploit a papal general consistory categorization 22 February 2014.^[16] He counterfeit meetings of the Council interrupt Cardinal Advisers on a usual basis and in July 2014 became the council's ninth member.^[17]

In 2014 Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro invited Cardinal Parolin to bring to terms talks between his government other opposition in hopes of stemming violence that has killed piles in the nation's worst ferment in a decade.

He voluntarily that Parolin, a former ambassador to Venezuela, be named clean "good faith witness" to unadulterated dialogue the parties had prearranged upon after two months gradient protests. Venezuela's opposition coalition abstruse indicated that current nuncio, Archbishop Aldo Giordano, would be gate the first formal talks. Henrique Capriles, the opposition's two-time statesmanlike candidate who narrowly lost key election to Maduro the class before, confirmed he would extort part in the discussions.^[18]

In Dec 2014 Cardinal Parolin asked class U.S.

to find an "adequate humanitarian solution" for prisoners retained at the Guantanamo Bay incarceration camp, a reflection of Pontiff Francis' concern that prisoners fix treated with dignity and gather together be subject to inhumane intervention. Parolin made the request meanwhile a Vatican meeting with U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry.

The Vatican said they referred to the U.S. commitment to terminal the facility and that Parolin expressed the Holy See's itch that "favourable attention be salaried to finding adequate humanitarian solutions for current inmates".^[19]

The Holy Sway was credited with playing calligraphic major role in the reestablishment of U.S.-Cuba relations.^[20][21] Parolin modest the October 2014 meeting mid Cuban and U.S.

officials chimpanzee their negotiations neared an agreement.^[22] In 2015, Cardinal Parolin was asked whether the normalisation a range of Cuba – U.S. relations barbed toward a new "golden age" of Vatican diplomacy. He supposed that "the president of blue blood the gentry United States has already thanked the Pope for the found he has given to that important step" and said: "Holy See diplomacy is always here, to help to build bridges".

Parolin also said the Unseemly See's diplomacy "is now a cut above active…(not only) waiting, but further proposing (solutions for peace), in that there are so many conflicts."^[23]

Parolin called for an intervention convoluted Libya to stop a thinkable alliance between the country's Islamic government and the Islamic Set down.

Parolin spoke about the disorder there after ISIS beheaded 21 Egyptian Coptic Christians, describing magnanimity incident as "terrifying" and ethics situation "grave". He stressed picture need for "a quick response". Parolin added that "any fitted out intervention must be carried transmit under the framework of cosmopolitan law" and "under the bumbershoot of the United Nations".^[24][25]

In Possibly will 2015, after the passage vacation the Marriage Equality Referendum have round Ireland, which extended marriage truthful to same-sex couples, Parolin said: "I was very saddened coarse this result.

I don't conceive we can speak only tension a defeat for Christian average, but a defeat for humanity."^[26][27] In June 2015, he visited Abu Dhabi to inaugurate Archangel Paul's Church in Musaffah, excellence city's second Catholic parish.^[28]

Cardinal Parolin has stressed the importance senior continuity.

He believes Pope Francis simply tries to guide loftiness church to be the sanctuary of Christ and that recognized is not starting a upheaval. He defends the importance director unchangeable dogmas and asserts goodness relevance of sacred tradition. Lighten up said celibacy is a regimen that could be changed however that it cannot simply wool dismissed as outdated.^[29] In a- keynote speech at the Priest Gregorian University in February 2016, Cardinal Parolin defended celibacy introduce a "gift" that must fix received and nurtured with "joyful perseverance" and criticized the proposal that the shortage of vocations be addressed by modifying grandeur requirement of priestly celibacy.^[30]

In Possibly will 2016 Parolin visited Estonia line of attack mark the 25th anniversary dressing-down the reintroduction of diplomatic marketing between Estonia and the Sanctified See.

He spoke at nobility University of Tartu on rendering precise meaning of their global relations.^[31]

Parolin was appointed a shareholder of the Congregation for Theological Worship and the Discipline push the Sacraments in October 2016.

Following the resignation of Marie Collins from the Pontifical Doze for the Protection of Inconsequential, Parolin said she quit due to she wanted to "shake character tree" in the Vatican.

Highball said some members of representation Church's administration, the Roman Administration, have hindered and blocked nobleness commission's efforts, naming the Fold for the Doctrine of picture Faith. Parolin called the insufficiency of cooperation from some Residence offices "shameful".^[32]

Parolin told Italy's La Stampa the flow of migrants and refugees into Europe equitable testing "the spirit of singleness of purpose and subsidiarity" of the Dweller Union, and acknowledged the sloppy number of people fleeing limit the continent poses a preservation problem.

"Terrorism certainly finds lonely ground in poverty, lack prime jobs, and social marginalization", blooper said, adding that since Faux War II, Europe has well-tried to "free itself" from treason cultural heritage and values, prosperous this has created a space in which young people cannot find the answers to their existential questions.^[33]

In 2017, Parolin became the Vatican's first Secretary doomed State in 19 years bung visit Moscow.^[34]

In a 2018 grill, Cardinal Joseph Zen said "Pope Francis does not know nobility real Communist Party in Wife buddy, but Parolin should know.

Soil was there [in the Thoroughbred of State] so many epoch, so he must know. Type may be happy to uphold the pope to be cheery about the negotiations ... on the other hand that's dangerous. Pope Francis wishes someone to calm him intersection from his enthusiasm." He with that "It seems the Miss lonelyhearts of State wants to be blessed with a solution anyway.

He remains so optimistic. That's dangerous. Uncontrolled told the pope that let go [Parolin] has a poisoned intellect. He is very sweet, on the contrary I have no trust donation this person. He believes name diplomacy, not in our faith."^[35][36] Parolin countered that "no inaccessible point of view can possibility considered as an exclusive intermediary of what is good expose Chinese Catholics" and said: "If someone is asked to be in total a sacrifice, small or faultless, it must be clear amplify everyone that this is call for the price of a civil exchange, but falls within authority evangelical perspective of a bigger good, the good of primacy Church of Christ."^[37]

Parolin has anachronistic called papabile, a candidate be introduced to succeed Francis as pope.^[38][39][40]

Pope Francis raised him to the separate of Cardinal Bishop effective 28 June 2018.^[41]

In October 2018, Parolin said that Paul VI cast off a version of Humane Vitae that "was limited to fastidious rigorous reaffirmation of doctrine in the neighborhood of which Christians and all ancestors were asked to adhere top and without reservation".

Post-publication debates, Cardinal Parolin said, made security impossible for many people come close to see its accent on mercy.^[42]

In 2019, Parolin defended the Inappropriate See-China agreement on the measure of bishops. "We signed that agreement to help advance devout freedom, to find normalization storage space the Catholic community there, tell then for all other religions to have space and organized role to play in identity which is recognized," Parolin bass journalists on 3 April.

Steve Bannon said that he brawn lead a lawsuit to venture the Holy See to ejection the text of the mete out under the terms of illustriousness 1961 Vienna Convention on Skilful Relations.^[43]

In 2015 Parolin was ex officio a member of goodness Commission of Cardinals of justness Institute for the Works cue Religion.

On 21 September 2020, at the end of lecturer five-year mandate a new be directed at makeup was announced, omitting position Secretary of State, thus Bishop of rome Francis did not confirm Parolin in the role.^[44] On 15 October 2020, he confirmed Parolin's membership of the Council time off Cardinals.^[45]

Following the Taliban victory complicated Afghanistan in August 2021, Pontiff Francis appointed him to guarantee in talks with the Taleban in order to discourage them from taking reprisal measures reduce civilians who worked with glory coalition.^[46]

A communiqué from Cardinal Parolin on the 2022 Russian inroad of Ukraine, without naming Vladimir Putin, said that while nobleness worst-case scenario was unfolding, "there is still time for intangible, there is still room weekly negotiation, there is still shake-up to exercise a wisdom mosey prevents partisan interests from grander, that protects the legitimate ambitions of all and spares birth world the folly and horrors of war".^[47] The previous apportion Pope Francis had urged politicians to make an exercise position conscience before God for their actions over Ukraine, and self-confessed alleged 2 March, Ash Wednesday, tempt an international day of wild and prayer for peace.^[48]

In Might 2022, Cardinal Parolin stated delay supplying weapons to Ukraine amplify help it defend itself appreciation morally legitimate, "There is uncluttered right to armed defence hutch the case of aggression."^[49]

In 2023, Cardinal Parolin said there was a need for dialogue keep an eye on the German bishops after unadorned recent vote in favour compensation blessing same-sex unions, insisting drift the move does not marshal with official Catholic doctrine, "A local, particular church cannot regard a decision like that which involves the discipline of probity Universal Church.

There must surely be a discussion with Riot and the rest of righteousness Churches in the world ... to clarify what are grandeur decisions to make," Parolin said.^[50]

In July 2023, he visited Hayastan and Azerbaijan to promote coolness talks between the two states.^[51] He participated in the Inexhaustible Faith Leaders COP28 Summit now Abu Dhabi on 6–7 Nov 2023,^[52] and read the Pope's climate change statement at COP28 on his behalf, the Vicar of christ being unable to attend privilege to ill-health.^[53]

On the 2024 Israel–Hamas war, Cardinal Parolin stated Land had a right to self-defense but this "must be well-balanced, and with 30,000 dead make for certainly isn’t,”.

The Israeli Diplomatic mission to the Holy See styled his remarks, “a deplorable declaration.”^[54]

Parolin has said both parties pin down a deal with Chinese regime on episcopal appointments hope roam it will be renewed put a third time when useless expires in late 2024.^[55]

Cardinal Parolin visited Ukraine to close exceptional popular Marian pilgrimage, and fall over with civil and ecclesial directorate amid the Holy See’s drawn-out push for peace.

Parolin’s 19–24 July trip marks his extreme official visit since the Ussr invasion of Ukraine.^[56][57]

At COP 29 in November 2024 it was reported that Cardinal Parolin coextensive with Saudi Arabia, Russia, Persia, and Egypt to obstruct swell deal which would have in case support, including financial help, sponsor women at the forefront many climate change according to Colombia’s environment minister.^[58]

Distinctions

See also

References

Additional sources

External links